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Law

Контракти, законодавство, юридичний захист бізнесу.

Lawful tax saving or evasion: where the line runs

Where the line runs between lawful tax optimisation and evasion: the business-purpose test, splitting into private entrepreneurs, Art. 212 of the Criminal Code, Supreme Court practice and international cases. Analysis by KCPRB.

July 21, 202613 min read

Debt-to-Equity Swap: How to Safely Structure It for a Ukrainian LLC (ТОВ)

The D2E swap mechanism allows an LLC (ТОВ) to “settle” its debt to a participant by increasing its charter capital. We break it down step by step: corporate law, personal income tax (ПДФО) and the military levy, controlled foreign companies (КІК), the position of the State Tax Service (ДПС), court practice, and typical mistakes.

July 4, 20269 min read